Undoubtedly, credit for the establishment of hospital & training system must be given to the ancient Persians. Jundishapur (Gundeshapur) is particularly thought to have had a significant role in establishing the institution of the teaching hospital for the first time. According to the certified records of history, by the decree of Sassanid king, Jundishapur International University founded in 271 AD due to methodically cure and treat diseases while simultaneously train the students of medicine.

Jundishapur International University as an outstanding center of learning and study in the field of medicine, philosophy, theology, and science was a gathering place of noted and renowned ancient scholars and physicians from across the globe. According to the Cambridge History of Iran, Jundishapur University was the most important medical center of the ancient world (defined as Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East) during the 6 and 7 centuries.

The library of the University known as the "City of Hippocrates" consisted of eight floors and 259 halls including an estimated 400,000 books. Jundishapur medical students who practiced on patients under the supervision of renowned medical scholars & physicians had to pass special examination due to obtain license to practice.

Jundishapur scholars and graduates were appointed to important governmental positions. The Minister of Health (Iran Dorostbod) was chosen from the physicians and the Minister of Education (Iran Farhangbod) was an accomplished scholar of philosophy, logic, mathematics or psychology.

Furthermore, regarding the historical records, the world's first medical conference was held upon Sassanid King's order in Ctesiphon in which hundreds of mobeds and physicians from Persia and other countries attended this congress; a historical event that Ferdowsi versified in eternal epic Shahnameh.

Among the torchbearers of ancient Persia's scientific heritage are Muhammad ibn Zakarya Razi (known in west as Rhazes or Rasis), Abu Nasr Farabi (known in west as Alpharabius) and Ibn-Sina (know in west as Avicenna) whose discoveries tangibly have improved human health.

Muhammad ibn Zakarya Razi was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist and chemist, philosopher and important figure in the history of medicine. A comprehensive thinker, Razi made fundamental and enduring contributions to various fields of science and is particularly remembered for numerous advances in medicine through his observations and discoveries. An early proponent of experimental medicine, he became a successful doctor; he was appointed a court physician, and served as chief physician of Baghdad and Rey hospitals. He was among the first to use humorism to distinguish one contagious disease from another and has been described as the father of pediatrics and a pioneer of ophthalmology. He is well known as the discoverer of alcohol and vitriol (sulfuric acid) as well.

Farabi is noted for his contributions to psychology. Farabi's Social Psychology and Model City were the first treatises to deal with social psychology. He stated that:" An isolated individual could not achieve all the perfections by himself, without the aid of other individuals."

Avicenna known as Prince of Physicians in west and chief master of all sciences in Muslim world is the celebrated Iranian physician and philosopher who was particularly noted for his contributions in the field of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. He composed the Canon of Medicine that became the preeminent source of medicine among western medical scholars from the early 14 to the mid-16 century.